Sex and Gender in FND Special Interest Group

The Sex and Gender Special Interest Group (SIG) in Functional Neurological Disorder (FND), chaired by Dr. Primavera Spagnolo with co-chairs Drs. Z. L’Erario and Natalia Szejko, aims to advance rigorous, systematic investigation of sex and gender across FND. The SIG promotes integration of biological sex, female-specific factors (e.g., hormonal and reproductive variables), and gender-related influences across the full spectrum of FND—from risk and mechanisms to clinical presentation and treatment response—ultimately improving understanding and clinical management for individuals across the lifespan.